Introduction A refiner aims to increase production while ensuring that specifications concerning petroleum products meet set standards. Mathematical programming models are used for this purpose....
Introduction Multi-product manufacturing takes place at refineries. Diesel, gasoline, aviation fuel, and many other products are produced due to continuous processes during refinery operations. A...
Introduction For refinery operation purposes, tank behavior is dynamic and complex. Therefore, it is not easy to know the precise tank level or inventory soon....
Introduction Linear and nonlinear data normalization, or reconciliation, entails a linear system and a nonlinear system with mass and energy scales and constraints. Therefore, a...
Introduction Today, refineries can evaluate their performance by comparing it with other refineries using two different indices: automation effectiveness and operational efficiency. Moreover, the indices...
Introduction The blending process is complicated. The most critical issue is selecting the optimal combination of components to produce the desired final product. Different hydrocarbon...