Introduction The downstream crude oil refining business is correctly synonymous with the production of fuels such as gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, LPG, etc.  A typical refinery produces 75-80% of blended fuel products, made from mixing 10-12 intermittent products from process…

Introduction In today’s global economy of fluctuating crude oil prices, the worldwide refining industry is struggling. Costs are rising while refining volumes are decreasing. High fuel prices in recent years have reduced its global use, resulting in an oversupply of…

Introduction The upgrading of manual fuels blending to an inline fuels blending system requires that blending components flow simultaneously to a common collection point called a blend header.  The blend header is a piece of pipe with all component pipes…