Introduction There is a control system for the preparation of the end products obtained by blending. First, it is prepared as per the standard recipe specifications. These recipe specifications are set in the control system. Then the DCS (distributed control…

Introduction A refinery faces tough market competition. Hence, it must be automated. For competitive functioning, blending models must be updated for specific time intervals. In this context, important blend model parameters are ethyl equation constants, NIR model parameters, DuPont coefficients,…

Introduction Integration of offsite operations includes task control from beginning to end of operations, defining the sequence of the operation so that which task has priority may be clearly understood, and then operation monitoring such as oil movement and storage…